public struct Season : IEnumerable { // 堆代码 duidaima.com readonly string[] _arr; public Season() { _arr = new string[4]; } public string this[int index] { get => _arr[index]; set => _arr[index] = value; } public IEnumerator GetEnumerator() { for (var i = 0; i < _arr.Length; i++) { yield return _arr[i]; } } }使用时,初始化,给每个元素赋值即可,然后就可以调用foreach来循环了。
var season = new Season(); season[0] = "春"; season[1] = "夏"; season[2] = "秋"; season[3] = "冬"; foreach (var s in season) { Console.WriteLine(s); }C#12引入了内联数组,让使用更简单,使用前,需要using ystem.Runtime.CompilerServices命名空间,然后内联数组定义如下:
[InlineArray(4)] public struct Season { private string _name; }使用方式无变化,并且内联数组性能更好,原因具体参照官方说明。
var season = new Season(); season[0] = "春"; season[1] = "夏"; season[2] = "秋"; season[3] = "冬"; foreach (var s in season) { Console.WriteLine(s); }下面用BenchmarkDotNet来做个性能对比吧,完整代码如下:
using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes; using BenchmarkDotNet.Running; using System.Collections; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; BenchmarkRunner.Run<Demo1>(); public class Demo1 { Season0 season0; Season1 season1; [GlobalSetup] public void Setup() { season0 = new Season0(); season0[0] = "春"; season0[1] = "夏"; season0[2] = "秋"; season0[3] = "冬"; season1 = new Season1(); season1[0] = "春"; season1[1] = "夏"; season1[2] = "秋"; season1[3] = "冬"; } [Benchmark()] public void P0() { foreach (var s in season0) { var s0 = s; //Console.WriteLine(s); } } [Benchmark] public void P1() { foreach (var s in season1) { var s0 = s; //Console.WriteLine(s); } } } [InlineArray(4)] public struct Season0 { private string _name; } public struct Season1 : IEnumerable { readonly string[] _arr; public Season1() { _arr = new string[4]; } public string this[int index] { get => _arr[index]; set => _arr[index] = value; } public IEnumerator GetEnumerator() { for (var i = 0; i < _arr.Length; i++) { yield return _arr[i]; } } }
下图是最后的对比结果,当然这是一个很粗糙的对比,但从性能上来看,内联数组不只要强数10万倍,虽然单次调用耗时可以忽略,但有时这个功能放在大循环中,累加起来的这些时间就不能忽视了。