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package main
// 堆代码 duidaima.com
import (
"fmt"
"time"
)
func main() {
c1 := make(chan string)
c2 := make(chan string)
go func() {
time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
c1 <- time.Now().String()
}()
go func() {
time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
c2 <- time.Now().String()
}()
for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
select {
case res1 := <-c1:
fmt.Println("from c1:", res1)
case res2 := <-c2:
fmt.Println("from c2:", res2)
}
}
}
from c1: 2022-09-04 14:30:39.4469184 -0400 EDT m=+1.000172801
from c2: 2022-09-04 14:30:40.4472699 -0400 EDT m=+2.000524401
上面的代码显示了select关键字是如何工作的:package main
import (
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"time"
)
func main() {
c1 := make(chan string)
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
for i := 0; i < rand.Intn(10); i++ {
go func() {
time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
c1 <- time.Now().String()
}()
}
for {
select {
case res1 := <-c1:
fmt.Println("from c1:", res1)
}
}
}
因为我们让一个随机数的goroutines运行,所以我们不知道有多少个作业。值得庆幸的是,底部包裹着select语句的for循环将捕获每一个输出。让我们看看如果我们运行这段代码会发生什么。from c1: 2022-09-04 14:48:47.5145341 -0400 EDT m=+1.000257801
from c1: 2022-09-04 14:48:47.5146126 -0400 EDT m=+1.000336201
from c1: 2022-09-04 14:48:47.5146364 -0400 EDT m=+1.000359901
fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!
goroutine 1 [chan receive]:
main.main()
/home/jacob/blog/testing/listening-to-multiple-channels-in-go/main.go:22 +0x128
exit status 2
嗯,select 语句按预期收到了三次,但由于死锁,程序出错了。为什么会出现这种情况?记住,在没有任何条件的情况下,Go中的for循环会永远运行。这意味着 select 语句将永远尝试接收。然而,要运行的作业数量是有限的。即使没有更多的工作,select 语句仍然会尝试接收。package main
import (
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"sync"
"time"
)
func main() {
c1 := make(chan string)
exit := make(chan struct{})
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
var wg sync.WaitGroup
go func() {
numJob := rand.Intn(10)
fmt.Println("number of jobs:", numJob)
for i := 0; i < numJob; i++ {
wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer wg.Done()
time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
c1 <- time.Now().String()
}()
}
wg.Wait()
close(exit)
}()
for {
select {
case res1 := <-c1:
fmt.Println("from c1:", res1)
case <-exit:
return
}
}
}
3
from c1: 2022-09-04 15:09:08.6936976 -0400 EDT m=+1.000287801
from c1: 2022-09-04 15:09:08.6937788 -0400 EDT m=+1.000369101
from c1: 2022-09-04 15:09:08.6937949 -0400 EDT m=+1.000385101
我们创建一个 exit channel 和一个WaitGroup。
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"sync"
"time"
)
func main() {
ashleyMsg := make(chan string)
brianMsg := make(chan string)
exit := make(chan struct{})
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
var wg sync.WaitGroup
go func() {
numJob := rand.Intn(10)
fmt.Println("number of jobs:", numJob)
for i := 0; i < numJob; i++ {
wg.Add(2)
go func() {
defer wg.Done()
time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(10)) * time.Millisecond)
ashleyMsg <- "hi"
}()
go func() {
defer wg.Done()
time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(10)) * time.Millisecond)
brianMsg <- "what's up"
}()
}
wg.Wait()
close(exit)
}()
for {
select {
case res1 := <-ashleyMsg:
fmt.Println("ashley:", res1)
case res2 := <-brianMsg:
fmt.Println("brian:", res2)
case <-exit:
fmt.Println("chat ended")
return
default:
fmt.Println("...")
time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
}
}
}
...
number of jobs: 4
brian: what's up
...
ashley: hi
...
...
brian: what's up
ashley: hi
ashley: hi
brian: what's up
...
...
ashley: hi
...
brian: what's up
...
chat ended
除了蹩脚的对话之外,我们可以看到默认情况下的工作方式。与其等待聊天记录的到来,我们可以在没有频道可以接收的时候做一些事情。在这个例子中,我们只是打印出省略号,但你可以做任何你想做的事情。