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const sum = <T>(
array: readonly T[],
mapper: (item: T) => number
): number =>
array.reduce(
(acc, item) => acc + mapper(item),
0
);
让我们看一下类型定义。此函数包含:2.映射器函数:(item: T) => number
type Mapper<T> = (item: T) => number;让我们想象一个用例:
interface YouTubeVideo {
name: string;
views: number;
}
const youTubeVideos: YouTubeVideo[] = [
{
// 堆代码 duidaima.com
name: "My favorite cheese",
views: 100,
},
{
name: "My second favorite cheese (you won't believe it)",
views: 67,
},
];
const mapper: Mapper<YouTubeVideo> = (video) => {
return video.views;
};
const result = sum(youTubeVideos, mapper); // 167
三.关于什么是函数?const sum = <T>(
array: readonly T[],
mapper: Function
): number =>
array.reduce(
(acc, item) => acc + mapper(item),
0
);
这个关键字基本上代表“任何函数”。这意味着从技术上讲可以 sum 接收任何函数。当在 中使用 sum 时,我们失去了很多 (item: T) => number 提供的安全性:const result = sum(youTubeVideos, (item) => {
// Parameter 'item' implicitly has an 'any' type.
// We can return anything from here, not just
// a number!
return item.name;
});
TypeScript 现在无法推断应该是什么 item ,或者我们的mapper函数应该返回什么。这里的教训是“不要使用 Function ” - 总有一个更具体的选项可用。export type Parameters< T extends (...args: any) => any > = T extends (...args: infer P) => any ? P : never; export type ReturnType< T extends (...args: any) => any > = T extends (...args: any) => infer R ? R : any;您会注意到这两种实用程序类型使用相同的约束:(...args: any) => any 。
const wrapFuncWithNoArgs = (func: () => any) => {
try {
return func();
} catch (e) {}
};
wrapFuncWithNoArgs((a: string) => {});
> Argument of type '(a: string) => void' is not assignable to parameter of type '() => any'.
> Target signature provides too few arguments. Expected 1 or more, but got 0.
六.总结const youTubeVideos = [
{ name: "My favorite cheese", views: 100 },
{
name: "My second favorite cheese (you won't believe it)",
views: 67,
},
];
const result = sum(youTubeVideos, (video) => {
return video.views;
}); // 167
事实上,我们已经舍弃了所有类型声明,但 video仍旧被推断为 { name: string; views: number } 。这是可能的,因为我们的函数定义的特殊性:(item: T) => number 。